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Luke Chapter 22

  • Bible Study on Luke 

    Luke Chapter 22


    >> Click Here For Audio Version << 
     

    Luke 22 Outline:

    22:01-06 The betrayal.
    22:07-13 Preparations for the passover.
    22:14-20 The last supper.
    22:21-23 Jesus’ prophecy of the betrayal.
    22:24-27 Who is the greatest.
    22:28-30 Twelve thrones.
    22:31-34 Jesus prophesies about Peter’s denial.
    22:35-38 The two swords.
    22:39-46 The agony.
    22:47-54 The arrest.
    22:54-62 Peter denies knowing Jesus.
    22:63-65 The mockery.
    22:66-71 Jesus is taken before the Sanhedrin.


    Fun Facts:

    — Another disciple got Peter entrance to the high priests courtyard (John 18:15).


    Study Notes:
    Luke 22:1 All the gospels agree that the crucifixion of Jesus took place on a Friday in the passover season, but there is no mention of a passover lamb being present at the last supper. This could have been the beginning of something new, because Jesus is the passover lamb.

    The Pharisees had been the chief opponents of Jesus during His ministry but now the high priesthood take over and seek to put Him to death, but they fear the people. Jesus had many followers and the priests would not risk arresting Him in daylight.

    Judas became a host for satan (John 13:27) who entered into him like he was a house. Luke nor the other Apostles make Judas a villain but simply say that satan entered into him and that he was one of the twelve.

    There are two main rules on thought on why Judas betrayed Jesus:

    1) Judas was a very greedy man and became upset about the expensive ointment that he felt was wasted (Matt. 26:8, 26:14). Judas betrayed Jesus immediately after the ointment incident. Also he was the keeper of the money bag and helped himself to what was put into it (John 12:6).

    2) Judas wanted to push Jesus into action and make His kingdom come quicker. Perhaps He thought (like the rest of the disciples) that Jesus was going to set up an earthly kingdom and overthrow the Roman invaders, and that this would push Jesus’ hand. It is only speculation and there is no foundation for this in the text.

    Judas made a deal with the chief priests to lead them to Jesus at night and when there would be no crowds to start a riot. They paid him thirty pieces of silver (Matt. 26:15, Matt. 27:3).

    Luke 22:7 Preparing for the passover. The fullest account of the last supper occurs in John (John 13:1), but Luke is longer than Matthew and Mark. The passover was a very important feast and not just another meal. It was to be eaten while reclining required eating bitter herbs. There was a large amount of preparation and it was eaten in the company of ten to twenty people.

    The day of unleavened bread probably refers to the day that all yeast (leaven) was removed the homes of the Israelites in preparation for the feast. Some translations use the word “passover lamb” but the original text only says “passover.” It was often a young goat used for the feast. Jesus sent Peter and John ahead to prepare for the supper.

    At the passover, it was required to drink four cups of wine. Sharing the cup was a token of fellowship. Jesus took bread, gave thanks, and gave it to them saying “this is My body which is broken for you.” Then He took one of the cups and said “this is My blood which is poured out for you.” This was the beginning of what we know as “Communion” based on this and later in the writings of Paul in 1 Corinthians 11:23. We are to do this in remembrance of what Jesus has done for us.

    Luke 22:22 “Woe to that man” is better said as “Alas for that man”. It is not spoken in a vindictive way, but as an expression of grief over the unpleasant future that he has brought down upon himself. Apparently Judas had disguised his thoughts well, for the other disciples began to question one another as to whom Jesus meant. No-one seems to have suspected him.

    Luke 22:24 Who is the greatest? Only Luke tells us of the this dispute in the upper room. Matthew and Mark have similar passages, but not in the upper room. John tells us about Jesus washing their feet, but only Luke tells us about the quarrel. It does not say that they wanted the top spot, but they did want to know who it would be. Jesus was only hours from crucifixion and His most intimate followers were still so unlike Him. Jesus washed their feet as a servant and then told them to do likewise for the greatest in the kingdom of God, will be the humble servant.

    Luke 22:28 Jesus encourages the Apostles and tells them that they will sit on thrones and eat and drink at His table in His kingdom. Though there will be suffering ahead, it will be so worth it.

    Luke 22:31 Jesus tells Peter that satan has desired to have you. The Greek means “satan has obtained you by asking.” God is supreme and is unparalleled in power, but satan asked God if He could “sift Peter” and see what was really inside of him. Jesus told Peter, “I have prayed for you that your faith may not fail, and when you have turned again, strengthen your brothers.”

    Jesus saw what was coming and that satan would test Peter, that Peter would soon deny even knowing Him, and all that was OK. When you are done and turned to Me again, strengthen your brothers. Compare what happened to Peter with Job 1:9 when satan appeared to God and talked about His servant Job. That is when hell strikes our life, when satan gets permission from God to sift us. It is not pleasant.

    God is not powerless in any situation, but this entire world and the life that we know is temporary. We do not like to take tests, but that is how we move forward. God sometimes grants satan permission to test His most faithful servants. Anyone can serve Him when their life is perfect, who will serve Him faithfully when under intense pressure?

    Luke 22:25 Luke tells us that Jesus and His disciples went to the mount of olives, then He went forward to pray alone. He was troubled in spirit, knelt down and prayed, and asked that if the Father was willing, that this “cup may pass from Him”, though not His will but the Father’s be done. Jesus warned the disciples to pray, He saw what was soon coming in their life. You can better if they had known, they would have prayed much harder.

    It was not the coming death that upset Jesus, but the type of death. Jesus would take the sin of the world onto His shoulders and the Father would turn away. He would bear our sin and shame: “For our sake He made Him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in Him we might become the righteousness of God” (2 Corinthians 5:21). Jesus would be forsaken by God (Mark 15:34) because of our sin. I believe that the Tyndale commentary explains it better than I can:

    “There was a far deeper spiritual agony which Jesus endured alone in the darkness, an agony which we can never plumb and which, thanks to his endurance of it on the cross, no created being need ever now experience. No explanation is adequate other than the traditional view that, in that dark hour, God’s wrath fell upon him. Because wrath is no abstract principle, but a personal manifestation, this means that his unclouded communion with the Father, enjoyed from all eternity, was temporarily broken. Some commentators have held that Christ suffered all the pangs of hell in that time; and if hell is at root a separation from God, then he certainly did. But on such mysteries Scripture is silent, and Mark tells us nothing here. If there was a barrier between the Father and the Son at that moment, it could only be because of sin; and the Son knew no sin (2 Cor. 5:21), so it could only be our sin that cost him such agony. Here is the heart of the cross; here is the mystery which no painting or sculpture, with distorted face, can ever begin to show, because we fail to realize the true nature of the punishment for sin, as separation from God, and therefore the true nature and depth of the agony borne by him.”

    Luke 22:43 An angel soon appeared to strengthen Jesus and He prayed even more earnestly. While Jesus spoke to the disciples, Judas came leading a crowd and went to kiss Jesus. A kiss on the cheek was not uncommon in the day when men met, but it usually referred friendship, esteem, love. Judas choosing this method to signal out Jesus to the soldiers was particularly bad.

    The disciples asked Jesus if they should fight, and Peter did not wait for an answer, but grabbed a sword (John 18:10) and hit one of the men beside the head, cutting off his ear. Jesus said “No more of this!” and stopped the fight. Then He touched the mans ear and healed it. Jesus wanted peace, not violence.

    Luke 22:52 The chief priests, officers of the temple, and the elders had came out against Him and under the dark of night, led by one of His own Apostles, Judas Iscariot. They arrested Jesus and took Him to the house of the high priest. It was him that Had Jesus arrested, not the Romans, and he has Jesus brought to his house.

    Luke 22:54 Peter denied even knowing Jesus and it is recorded in all four gospels, though various things happen during the intervals. Luke does not explain how Peter got inside the courtyard but John tells us that another disciple who knew the high priest Annas, brought Peter inside (John 18:15).

    All four gospels tell us that the first challenge came from a slave girl, and John adds that she was the door keeper. She stared at Peter and said “This man was also with Him!” There were no charges against the disciples of Jesus and Peter could have just admitted it, but he was among enemies and he took the easy way out by answering “I do not know Him.”

    A little while later a man recognized that Peter had been with Jesus, we can tell by Peter’s response, “Man, I am not” and Peter denied Jesus a second time.

    Later a relative of him whose ear Peter had cut off, said, “Didn’t I see you in the garden with him?” (John 18:26 WEB) and Peter denied knowing Jesus a third time, followed by a string of swearing Matthew 26:74). Immediately a rooster crowed again and Jesus turned and looked at Peter. The words that Jesus had spoken to Peter came back to his mind, “Before the rooster crows twice, you will deny me thrice.” And he went out and wept bitterly.

    Luke 22:63 The men that were holding Jesus began to mock Him and beat Him. They blindfolded Him and told Him to prophesy who was hitting Him. Now, prophet, guess who hit you that time!

    The details of the trial of Jesus is not easy to piece together. None of the gospels cover the entire account, so all four have to be consulted. There were two main stages. First there was a Jewish trial where the chief priests condemned Jesus for breaking their law, then there was a Roman trial where the Jews tried to convince Pilate to crucify Jesus.

    They rushed Jesus through a hasty trial. The Jewish trial itself had two or three stages and Jesus appeared before Annas, then Caiphas and others. Then after daybreak came a formal meeting of the Sanhedrin, which was probably an attempt to make the trials by night look legitimate (Matt. 27:1; Mark 15:1).

    Jewish law prohibited a capital trial to be done at night, or even a verdict to be given at night, but they were in a hurry and brushed all their laws aside so they could quietly sentence Jesus while the people slept.

    Instead of calling witnesses, they asked Jesus to incriminate Himself by claiming to be the Son of God. Jesus had asked them many questions and they could not reply (Luke 20:3, 41) so He told them “If I tell you, you will not believe,and if I ask you, you will not answer. But from now on the Son of Man shall be seated at the right hand of the power of God.” The religious leaders had gathered enough words to shore up their false charges and they carried Jesus to the Roman overseer, Pilate.

    Study Questions: (if your answers are very long, you may want to type them first in something like Notepad, which doesn't require an Internet connection, then copy and paste (Ctrl-A to select, Ctrl-C to copy, Ctrl-V to paste), to prevent mishaps. Also, there is a 3K character limit, so if they are super long, feel free to post more than once, and just answer a couple of questions at a time. You are welcome to post any questions you may have, as well. We look forward to your thoughts!)

    1) It was said in Luke 22:3 that “Satan entered into Judas”, indicating that was the reason Judas betrayed Jesus. How do you think this happened?

    2) During the Last Supper, Jesus said that He knew the betrayer was at the table. Why do you think He did not call him out by name and send him away?

    3) In Luke 22:24-27, Jesus explained that the greatest amongst them would be the servant. Since our culture does not usually glorify the heart of the servant, how can we encourage this characteristic in ourselves and in others?

    4) Peter, though he walked in the very presence of Jesus, and was even told ahead of time, still managed to deny the Lord when placed under pressure. What can we learn from this incident as we go through our own walk and face our own pressures?

    5) When being questioned by the priests and scribes, why do you think Jesus was not willing to tell them who He was, instead answering, “You say I am”?


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17 comments
  • 1
Carol Pady
Carol Padyedited: September 29, 2015 1. Satan entered into Judas because God allowed it. He was destined to betray Jesus. 2. Jesus did not say who would betray him because the other disciples would have prevented it. He did not send him away because his betrayal was a necessary evil. 3. We must encourage others to serve well not expecting anything but giving generously of our time and labor. We labor to the Lord and our rewards are in Heaven. There should be no work beneath us, we are to be humble as we serve others. 4. Peter's example lets us see that even though we may know the Lord well we can still fall short and stumble in our spiritual life. It shows us Jesus has compassion for us and He still loves us even though we have times of failure and shortcoming. He is there to bring us up out of the mire and wipe us off, so we can grow in our faith and serve Him better. 5. I believe Jesus knew that they probably would not believe Him anyway. He also perhaps knew that some might believe and therefor cause the necessary crucifixation to be prevented or delayed.
September 29, 2015
  • 1
Lorna Smetak
Lorna Smetak I think that it was a spirit that went into Judas. 2. It was the plan that was set into motion by God that these things has to take place. Jesus told his disciples this many times (in other books). 3.To love one another no matter who they are, how they live, what they look like etc. Similar to your devotional: Bad Company. 4. To always remember that the Lord is always with us no matter what temptations/pressures that we may face. We can try our hardest to hold our own, but we will always need Jesus. There are times i say something and then just sink inside and ask my self why i just said that. As long as we are in the flesh we are sinners, that is why we have forgiveness. 5. Because Jesus had shown him many mericles and they heard him speaking to the crowds and they refuse to hear what he was saying because they were stuck in their ways and that is there is only one God. So Jesus just let them say what they wanted to believe.
September 30, 2015
  • 1
Carolyn  Douglas
Carolyn Douglas Luke 22 Question 1...We by our actions and attitudes open doors where the enemy of our soul is always ready to be able to take legal ground. Judas had not allowed being in the Presence of Jesus to change him and there was much room for satan to enter in. Many times it is those close to us in relationship and family that the enemy uses to attack. With Jesus it was one of his followers. We must daily submit to the Lord in every way so that any and all ungodly fruit does not seed and grow allowing the enemy to use us against His will and purpose. Judas stands as a warning to everyone that we can be a tool to bring harm and pain to God's plan if we do not let God reign in every area of our lives.
September 30, 2015
  • 1
Carolyn  Douglas
Carolyn Douglas Luke 22 Question 2...I believe that Jesus knew the stage was set and He knew that the Cross lay at the end ...Judas or not there was no changing what the Lord was providing through Jesus and His death...Also it's possible that Judas could have changed his mind ...there was time to turn back. Naming Judas could have created anger etc. with the other disciples and Jesus was ever the Peace-Maker. 
September 30, 2015
  • 1
Kathy Banfield
Kathy Banfield #1 I think Judas Iscariot was "primed' and ready for satan to enter him--by virtue of Judas' immoral character, he was the perfect candidate for Satan.So, the sneaky devil entered Judas at just the right time. #2 It was not in Jesus' character to do so. Our Lord was a man of peace, as demonstrated when he healed the severed ear of that soldier who came to arrest him. Also, Jesus knew the Prophesies of Psalm 109. "Let one of his own enemies accuse him/.....May another man take his job" (According to Acts 1:26, Matthais was then chosen to replace Judas, so the prophecy was fufilled) #3By following Jesus' teachings and example, we should strive to be more Christ-like by putting others needs ahead of our own, not boasting or thinking too highly of ourselves, shun prideful behavior, and recalling that Jesus said the last will be first and the first will be last! #4 BE ON GUARD! The devil is always looking for a chance to sneak in and ruin us! We must pray without ceasing and be on alert at all times. #5 Jesus never once referred to Himself as a king--he spoke of Him being the Son of Man but never once said He was an eartly king. I think a "king" is a man-made entity--God only provided kings and judges in the Old Testament because the people demanded them.God is our only true king!
October 1, 2015
  • 1
Carolyn  Douglas
Carolyn Douglas Luke 22 Question 3 ...Having the heart of a servant can only happen when one submits one's life and purpose to Jesus. It is laying down everything that is about us and placing others before our own wants and desires. It is actively transforming into the image of Christ by prayer, choice, and agape love. Living in a culture that promotes selfishness and focus on ourselves make those who walk according to the Lord's principles in the Bible even more noticeable because it is unfortunately so rare anymore. However, we must do as Jesus did and let others know that God is the reason behind it or people will attribute it to our internal "goodness" because unselfish love can only be found as we model the love of Christ. 
October 2, 2015
  • 1
Cathy Webb
Cathy Webbedited: October 2, 2015 1.   I think Judas took his eyes off Jesus and decided he could fix things. In that decision Judas made a decision to turn away and Satan was right there to provide the temptation and start calling the shots. Judas stopped listening to God’s voice.   2.   Jesus doesn’t do things that are ineffective and serve no purpose. Jesus kept His eyes on His Father’s will. He knew He was on the path to the cross and willingly stayed on course. The events will unfold according to His Father’s perfect plan. Jesus exhibited perfect obedience and self-discipline during this last meal.
October 2, 2015
  • 1
Darlene Blackmon
Darlene Blackmon 1) Judas was the weakest link in the chain. He was chosen to do a part that had to be lead to fulfilling the prophecy. The devil knew who to pick. 2) If Jesus had called him out and sent him away I think the course of action would have turned out differently. I think Jesus was very wise in letting Judas soak in his own deceit and guilt. 3) Being an example to others in serving others would help. I have always loved this verse. Because when Jesus served his disciples as an example, I think of exactly that when I go to work.  4) Good question. I would pray that I can be forgiven if that happened to me. I would keep God's word close to my heart and hang on to His coattails for dear life.  5) Jesus did not have to answer their questions when he knew all along they would not understand. He was doing His father's will not theirs.
October 3, 2015
  • 1
Julie Schneider
Julie Schneider #4 When Peter denied Knowing Christ not once but three times has always bothered me because Jesus says clearly that if we deny knowing him, He will deny us. One seems to contradict the other. 
October 3, 2015
  • 0
<i>Deleted Member</i>
Deleted Member 1)- Judas became greedy, he wanted what he wanted no matter how he got it, he allowed the world to take control and thus satan was able to enter in and deceive him. It didn't matter who he hurt in his path, all he was concerned about was the money and what he could gain, not even realizing because he was so deceived, all he had to do was ask Jesus for what he needed and Jesus can give us an abundance, but He can also take away all that He has blessed us with. We need to be obedient and about The Father's Business.
October 3, 2015- Edit- Delete
  • 0
<i>Deleted Member</i>
Deleted Member 2) I know that Jesus already knew all this had to happen and that Judas would be the ultimate betrayer, but at the same time, Jesus sometimes gives us many chances to change and I think even though He knew what was to happen, He still love Judas so much, in His heart, He had hope, even up till the very end, when Judas betrayed Him with a kiss. Also, some of the disciples, such as Peter, might have killed Judas to protect Jesus from harm, even though Peter denied Jesus, He seen his need for Jesus again and received that forgiveness, but Judas wouldn't live to realize that even Jesus would forgive him. Because Judas was just an instrument in God's divine plan.
October 3, 2015- Edit- Delete
  • 0
<i>Deleted Member</i>
Deleted Member 3)- I think we as Christians, are to show love and care and have a servant heart as Jesus did, to help others, not to think we are better than anyone else, because in God's eyes we all came into this world without anything, but our soul and we will leave this world without anything except our soul. And that is what we should be truly concerned with being about The Father's Business, serving and loving others as Jesus did.
October 3, 2015- Edit- Delete
  • 0
<i>Deleted Member</i>
Deleted Member 4)-That it doesn't matter how close we might think or feel we are to Jesus, that we still have to always be aware, that satan can and will try to separate us from Jesus, and satan stops at nothing, we just have to be ready, prayed up, studying God's word and be ready, not to handle satan on our own, but through The Name of Jesus and His Words. We must not think that we are better than others, we must humble ourselves and be ready to serve, even when we don't feel like it sometimes, but if Jesus brings you to do something for Him, He will make the provisions for it all to happen.
October 3, 2015- Edit- Delete
  • 0
<i>Deleted Member</i>
Deleted Member 5)- No matter what Jesus would have told them, because they were so bent on believing what they wanted to do, Jesus knew this was to happen and He knew it was no need to waste time, trying to defend Himself, they weren't going to believe Him anyways, because their minds were made up and nothing or no one was going to change, sure Jesus could have stopped it all, but He didn't, and that is because He loves us so, even before we were born, or even before our parents knew we were going to be born, Jesus knew it all, so He did what He did for us, He did the ultimate sacrifice, that no one else would do, He gave His all for us, so that we might have life and an eternal home in heaven, if we accept Him as our Savior.
October 3, 2015- Edit- Delete
  • 1
Molly Miller
Molly Miller I do not know the answer to 5...   I've been thinking about it and just do not know...
October 3, 2015
  • 1
Carolyn  Douglas
Carolyn Douglas Luke 22 Question 4 ...We can learn from Peter that it is when we think we are strong and above sin ...that is when we are our most vulnerable to attack and can expect attack. Peter brashly spoke often without thought and by impulse. We need to remember that we may respond similarly given the right conditions and when our spirit man is weak. We need to stay humble and realize that there is weakness in us and pray for the Lord to help is be strong when needed to avoid the heartache that Peter felt when he looked into the eyes of Jesus when he denied him. 
October 4, 2015
  • 1
Carolyn  Douglas
Carolyn Douglas Luke 22 Question 5 ...We are condemned or justified by our words. Jesus knew His words meant nothing to them but in convicting Jesus they were also establishing Him. In recounting His deeds they were verifying who He was by His actions and in harmony with what the Word of God said. It would be forever recorded as the most important trial in history where an innocent man was found guilty. Jesus knew it would be pointless to defend Himself because He knew where their accusations would lead and where He must go. Jesus was the LAMB before wolves and they were intentionally choosing the lie over the TRUTH they refused to see before them.
October 4, 2015